That green plants can produce their own food by photosynthesis using sunlight is common knowledge. But if someone claims that an organism can acquire the ability to photosynthesizes simply by eating plants one would laugh at it. Is it true?

no, simply by eating plants an animal will not be "converted". That doesn't mean though that interesting associations cannot occur, although I am hard-put to think of one involving an animal and a plant at the moment. Certainly some plants that cannot photosynthesize use others that can and form a frequently but not always mutually dependent or beneficial permanent bond.
Another question is of course COULD it occur.... never say never. There are some odd examples (or in the view of some, odd theories) that show that a coming together of two organisms at the cellular level can or could result in one single independent organism from then on. Margulis's Endosymbiotic Theory is a nice example of that. Might not seem much, two cells but... those cells multiplied together make you and me, animals, plants.... if she was right (she was very pretty and married to Carl Sagan but that isn't quite enough evidence..

Why is Fluoride Bad for You?

If someone told you that every time you turn on your tap to get a drink of water you are pouring poison into your glass you probably wouldn't be so keen on drinking the resulting fluid. If you were told that the toothpaste you use each day to clean your teeth, and your children's teeth also contained this same poison you would no doubt think very long and hard before using that product again wouldn't you?

The scary thing is that this is exactly what we are doing day to day, ingesting a poisonous substance because we have been brainwashed into believing it is good for our teeth. The facts of the matter are vastly different though, and I hope after reading this article you will all think long and hard about whether or not you might be better off buying bottled spring water and using a fluoride free toothpaste.

What is Fluoride?

Fluoride is a pollutant - a by-product of copper, iron and aluminum manufacturing. The

problem of how to legally dispose of fluoride was solved in the 1930's when a study (funded

by one of the country's largest aluminum companies) concluded that fluoride prevented tooth

decay.

Even more alarming the chemicals most used to fluoridate drinking water are silicofluorides,

contaminated waste product of industry, that were never safety tested on humans or animals.

As a result what we are actually doing is conducting a massive toxicological experiment with

our children as the test subjects.

Silicofluorides are linked with children's increased lead absorption. Studies link fluoride

chemicals to bone fractures, lowered IQ, thyroid dysfunction, cancer, allergies and more.

Why is Fluoride Bad for Me?

British researchers report in the British Medical Journal that fluoridation studies are flawed. A

Canadian Government report found fluoridation does more harm than good. A US National

Institutes of Health Panel found most tooth decay studies, including hundreds on fluoride,

scientifically invalid. Even UNICEF, the organization that protects children, reports, "more and

more scientists are now seriously questioning the benefits of fluoride, even in small

amounts."

New research proves old-time dentists' premise was wrong. Fluoride's possible benefits, if

any, are topical. So there's no good reason to swallow fluoride or put it into the water supply.

Fluoride is highly toxic. In fact, before fluoride was deemed a "cavity fighter," it was used as

insecticide and rat poison. In fact when it comes to dental hygiene, fluoride actually does

more harm than good.

When you consume too much fluoride, your teeth can become discolored and crumble.

In tests on laboratory animals, fluoride has been shown to enhance the brain's absorption of

aluminum (the substance that's found in the brains of most Alzheimer's patients). Three

different osteoporosis studies have associated hip fractures with fluoridation. And excessive

fluoride has been shown to damage the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, leading to

limited joint mobility, ligament calcification, muscular degeneration and neurological deficits.

A number of different studies have linked fluoride to as many as 10,000 cancer deaths per

year, with a high incidence of bone cancer among men exposed to fluoridated water.

Fluoride is an acute toxin with a rating slightly higher than that of lead.According to "Clinical

Toxicology of Commercial products," 5th Edition, 1984, lead is given a toxicity rating of 3 to 4,

and Fluoride is rated at 4 (3 = moderately toxic, 4 = very toxic).

Fluoride is also considered toxic waste. It is one of the most bone seeking elements known to

mankind. The US Public Health Service has stated that fluoride makes the bones more brittle

and the dental enamel more porous.

Approximately half of each day's fluoride intake will be retained. This is what makes it so

dangerous. "The dose makes the poison". All sides agree to the fact that healthy kidneys

can eliminate only about 50% of daily fluoride intake. The rest gets absorbed in calcified

tissues, like bones and teeth.The National Academy Of Sciences (NAS) stated in 1977 that,

for the average individual, a retention of 2mg/day would result in crippling skeletal fluorosis

after 40 years.

Four major studies involving 480,000 children (US, 39,000; Japan, 22,000; India, 400,000;

Tucson, 29,000) comparing fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas showed no significant

difference in decay rates. Proven is that a higher intake of fluoride will actually cause MORE

cavities, especially for children with low dietary calcium intake.

Those little white spots visible on the teeth of many children are called dental fluorosis, a

condition

which not only predisposes them to decay, but also provides a sign that systemic fluoride

poisoning is taking place. Dental fluorosis appears to serve as a red flag for future bone

fractures as well.

In 1990 fluoride was found to be an equivocal carcinogen by the National Cancer Institute

Toxicology Program.(Maurer, et. al.,"Fluoride an equivocal carcinogen. J.National Cancer

Institute 82, 1118-26, 1990)

There are also studies proving that fluoride toxicity affects fertility.

In a dramatic turnaround, the nation's leading fluoride advocate, The American Dental

Association (ADA), issued an alert on November 9th (2006) urging parents to avoid

fluoridated water when reconstituting infant formula, warning that "Infants less than one year

old may be getting more than the optimal amount of fluoride if their primary source of

nutrition is powdered or liquid infant formula mixed with water containing fluoride."

The most recognized problem with the ingestion of too much fluoride is dental fluorosis. This

condition is characterized by the failure of tooth enamel to crystallize properly in permanent

teeth. The effects range from chalky, opaque blotching of teeth to severe, rust-colored

stains, surface pitting and tooth brittleness.

Studies dating back to the 1950s have shown links between Down's Syndrome and natural

fluoridation. Ionel Rapaport also showed how the age of women bearing Down's Syndrome

children decreased in direct relation to the increase of fluoride in the water supply. The more

fluoride that was in the water, the younger the age of the women bearing Down's Syndrome

children.

Risk to the thyroid gland.According to the NRC, fluoride is an “endocrine disrupter.” Most

notably, the NRC has warned that doses of fluoride (0.01-0.03 mg/kg/day) achievable by

drinking fluoridated water, may reduce the function of the thyroid among individuals with low iodine

intake. Reduction of thyroid activity can lead to loss of mental acuity, depression and

weight gain.

Recombinant DNA technology is one of the advanced strategies of the Biological science

The term Biotechnology was coined by the scientists “Carl neuberg” in 1919.

The origin of biotechnology can be traced back to prehistoric times, when microorganisms were already used for processes like “Fermentation”.

First Discovery: In 1920, “Clostridium acetobutylicum” was used by “Chaim Weizmann” for converting starch into butanol and Acetone. The latter was an essential component of explosives during World War-I.

Second Discovery: During Second World War (1940s), the production of Penicillin (as an antibiotic discovered by “Alexander Flemming” in 1929) on a large scale from cultures of “Pencillium notatum”

Third Discovery: The third discovery of Biotechnology is its recent reincarnation in the form of “Recombinant DNA technology”, which led to the development of a variety of gene technologies and is thus considered to be the greatest scientific revolution of this century.

An early demonstration of the transfer of DNA from one cell type to another concerned drug resistance of certain strains of E.coli could be transformed to a phenotypic bacterium such as “Salmonella”. The explanation of this phenomenon led to the discovery of the plasmid, where by the gene conferring antibiotic resistance residues in a form of extra-chromosomal DNA. The resistance is due to an enzyme that causes the degradation of the antibiotic.

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