How to Download CBSE Class Textbooks

Free download CBSE Class Textbooks for all classes from NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training), a body set up by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Education and social Welfare.

The CBSE textbooks from NCERT are available for Class I to Class XII in all subjects. The NCERT textbooks are available in English, Hindi and Urdu. These textbooks can be downloaded, printed and used freely. This is a boon to poor students. People with computers can now help these students by downloading the CBSE textbooks, printing them and distributing them to the poor students!!!

There are numerous advantages of browsing these online textbooks. The subjects of these textbooks vary from Maths, Phsics, Chemistry to Psychology, Sociology, Political science,Buisness studies etc. As these textbooks are published by NCERT, who frame the National curriculum of India, these textbooks can be taken as the general standard for whole of India. Hence children all over India and also NRI children will stand to benefit from this initiative. So download and see your children gainig knowledge.

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Every living cell must have a supply of amino acids

Every living cell must have a supply of amino acids constantly available for diverse synthetic processes, especially protein synthesis. These amino acids may be derived by synthesis from simple substances (Glucose as a carbon source & ammonium ion as a nitrogen source (or) by absorption from the surrounding environment).

The biosynthetic pathways leading to amino acids and nucleotides share a requirement for nitrogen. Because soluble, biologically useful nitrogen compounds are generally scarce in natural environments, most organisms maintain strict economy in their use of ammonia, amino acids, and nucleotides.

Indeed, as we shall see, free amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines formed during metabolic turnover of proteins and nucleic acids are often salvaged and reused. We first examine the pathways by which nitrogen from the environment is introduced into biological systems.

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GRE-Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book

There are number of books are available on Online ebook libraries, but some are confusing our knowledge. so i am suggesting to biochemistry people to read this amazing self test book and improve your analysis.

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Photosynthesis is the process of cooking food materials in all green plants

We now turn to another reaction sequence in which the flow of electrons is coupled to the synthesis of ATP: light-driven phosphorylation. The capture of solar energy by photosynthetic organisms and its conversion to the chemical energy of reduced organic compounds is the ultimate source of nearly all biological energy.

Photosynthetic and heterotrophic organisms live in a balanced steady state in the biosphere. Photosynthetic organisms trap solar energy and form ATP and NADPH, which they use as energy sources to make carbohydrates and other organic compounds from CO2 and H2O; simultaneously, they release O2 into the atmosphere.

Aerobic heterotrophs (humans, for example, as well as plants during dark periods) use the O2 so formed to degrade the energy-rich organic products of photosynthesis to CO2 and H2O, generating ATP. The CO2 returns to the atmosphere, to be used again by photosynthetic organisms. Solar energy thus provides the driving force for the continuous cycling of CO2 and O2 through the biosphere and provides the reduced substrates—fuels, such as glucose— on which nonphotosynthetic organisms depend.

Photosynthesis occurs in a variety of bacteria and in unicellular eukaryotes (algae) as well as in vascular plants. Although the process in these organisms differs in detail, the underlying Mechanisms are remarkably similar, and much of our understanding of photosynthesis in vascular plants is derived from studies of simpler organisms. The overall equation for photosynthesis in vascular plants describes an oxidation-reduction reaction in which H2O donates electrons (as hydrogen) for the reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate (CH2O.

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This is useful for who are preparing for all life science related competitive examinations.

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Nucleic Acids are phosphate rich substances

The nucleic acid is the molecular repositories for genetic information. The storage of biological information is the only known function of DNA and is jointly referred to as molecules of heredity.The structure of every protein and every cell constituent is the product of information programmed into the nucleotide sequence of cells nucleic acid (DNA).The amino acid sequence of every protein and the nucleotide sequence of every RNA molecule in a cell are separated by that of cells DNA. The necessary protein (or) RNA sequence information is found in corresponding nucleotide sequence in the DNA.

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this is useful for who are preparing for all life science related competititive examinations.

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IISc Biological Sciences Research Entrance Paper-2009

Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore

Programme : Research

Entrance paper : Biological Science

Year : 2009

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GATE- XL-Life Sciences Previous Papers 2006

Graduated Aptitude Test in Engineering Examinations

GATE Previous Papers - 2006

XL-Life Sciences

Chemistry (Compulsory) -- 2006
Biochemistry -------------- 2006
Biotechnology ------------- 2006
Botany -------------------- 2006
Microbiology -------------- 2006
Zoology ------------------- 2006

Download the GATE XL previous paers by clicking the above links. thesea are PDF documents. plz use Adobe reader software.

GATE- XL-Life Sciences Previous Papers 2007

Graduated Aptitude Test in Engineering Examinations

GATE Previous Papers - 2007

XL-Life Sciences

Chemistry (Compulsory) -- 2007
Biochemistry -------------- 2007
Biotechnology ------------- 2007
Botany -------------------- 2007
Microbiology -------------- 2007
Zoology ------------------- 2007

Download the GATE XL previous paers by clicking the above links. thesea are PDF documents. plz use Adobe reader software.

GATE XL-Life Sciences Previous Papers 2008

Graduated Aptitude Test in Engineering Examinations

GATE Previous Papers - 2008

XL-Life Sciences

Chemistry (Compulsory) -- 2008
Biochemistry -------------- 2008
Biotechnology ------------- 2008
Botany -------------------- 2008
Microbiology -------------- 2008
Zoology ------------------- 2008

Download the GATE XL previous paers by clicking the above links. thesea are PDF documents. plz use Adobe reader software.